Attractiveness over Intelligence :: American Culture, Beauty

Obsessed with beauty, the American culture seemingly values attractiveness over intelligence. Different media outlets serve to reinforce certain societal feminine ideologies (i.e. thin, tall, young, beautiful, etc.). The overwhelming pressure to conform to cultural standards of beauty and the importance of attaining these ideals of thinness and perfection are commonly displayed in advertising. However, in 2004 Dove launched a campaign that promised to redefine such stereotypes. Researchers agree that a medium that depicts cultural norms and beliefs of â€Å"ideal beauty† have a direct negative impact on the perceptions of young women’s self-image. According to Bissell and Rask (2010), women who are exposed to mediated images, which portray extremely thin models result in negative body image, low self-esteem, eating disorders, and overall dissatisfaction. The overwhelming pressures to be young, thin, and beautiful are the twisted expectations of the American culture. Kilbourne (1999) argues that, â€Å"†¦advertising is one of the most potent messengers in a culture that can be toxic for girls’ self-esteem†¦Ã¢â‚¬  she further argues that advertisements contain â€Å"†¦glossy images of flawlessly beautiful and extremely thin women†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (as cited in Bissell & Rask, 2010). As a result of such advertising, many young women and teens have a manipulated perception of beauty. Research supports this claim by showing th at the average US model portrayed in advertisements is 5’†11† and weighs 117 pounds; when in reality, the average US women is only 5’4† and weighs 140 pounds (Media and eating disorders 2006 as cited in Bissell & Rask 2010). Scholars claim that, â€Å"mass media can reflect basic beliefs, attitudes, and values toward female beauty and can even affect changes in cultures when others are exposed to images of ideal beauty and attractiveness† (Bissell & Chung, 2009). However, the beliefs and attitudes that have been adopted by the American culture are not creating a positive perception of true and healthy beauty, but rather a perception of shame and disappointment (Bissell & Rask, 2010; Bissell & Young, 2009). Both articles agree that constant exposure to these false perceptions of ideal beauty not only misguides young women into believing that this is in fact the cultural norm, but eventually leads them to accept that they must find a way to live up to these unrealistic standards, ultimately leaving them feeling inadequate and unacceptable (Bissell & Young, 2009; Bissell & Rask, 2010). In the last decade, some advertising companies have made an attempt to challenge or change such standards by choosing to use models that don’t normally fit into this â€Å"ideal† construct of beauty (Bissell & Rask, 2010).

DBQ: Slavery Essay

In the 1840’s slavery was very common because of the booming cotton industry in the south, slaves were cheap and skillful, and there were plenty of them to go around, hence the reason the southern economy relied on them so heavily. However, because the North was economically sound and economically more advanced than the south, they saw the wrong behind slavery. Slavery in the south was so common that southerners began to grow used to the idea of slaves, and therefore placed most of their economy and way of life on that of a slave filled state. They saw slavery as an opportunity for the African Americans to make a life in America. â€Å"In all respects the comforts of our slaves are greatly superior to those of the English [factory] operatives, or the Irish and continental peasantry, to say nothing o the millions of paupers crowded together in those loathsome receptacles of starving humanity, the public poorhouses. . . . From this excess of labor, this actual want, and these distressing cares, our slaves are entirely exempted.† (Document A) Because southerners felt that what they were doing for and to slaves was beneficial for the southern and slave communities they saw no wrong in what they were doing, and therefore had no reason to stop slavery. When slaves worked on a plantation they had free health care, housing, and food, all things that were necessary and cost money, something that African Americans would not have had a lot of if they had come to America as immigrants. During that time there was still racial stereotypes and judgment, white land owning Americans thought of themselves as superior to African Americans and many other minority races that immigrated to America. African Americans would not have been taken seriously in the south even if slavery had not existed, they were a minority, and to the south minorities were the dirt beneath their shoes. Because the south’s main staple crop was cotton, and cotton was not a cash crop, the use of slaves made cotton prosperous. The south relied on slave labor to make money out of cotton, with slaves working the fields for little to no pay, most of the money made out of the cotton industry was circulated through the white landowning male community, which made up a very large majority of the south. slave labor being so cheap, and a large amount of slaves could be acquired at one time, made it easy for the south to place everything on slaves and cotton. William Harper in a Memoir on Slavery, 1837, stated that â€Å"the cultivation of the great staple crops [cotton] cannot be carried on in any portion of our country where there are not slaves.† This statement shows that slave labor was the largest contributor to the southern economy during the 1830’s, and therefore a reason to fight for slave labor. In a speech that Abraham Lincoln gave in Peoria, Illinois in October f 1854 he stated that â€Å"In our greedy chase to make profit of the Negro, let us let us beware lest we ‘cancel and tear in pieces’ even the white man’s charter of freedom.† This statement was a warning given by Lincoln, he thought of slavery as unprofitable and unsuited to America’s growing industrial and manufacturing industries. Hinton Helper, in The Impending Crisis, 1857, had a similar view on slave labor in the south, but a different idea on how ti abolish it. â€Å"What about Southern commerce? Is it not almost entirely tributary to the commerce of the North? Are we not dependent on New York, Philadelphia, Boston,and Cincinnati for nearly every article of merchandise, whether foreign or domestic? Where are our ships, our mariners, our naval architects? . . . We must begin to feed on a more substantial diet than that of pro-slavery politics.† Helper’s book The Impending Crisis was banned in the south and used as anti-slavery propaganda by republicans in the north. He believed that landowning white men in the south who did not own slaves were the key to the abolitionism of slavery, but he was also racist throughout The Impending Crisis. In the above quote he states that the north’s economic prosperity comes from the reliance on ports and major cities Slavery was the south’s main source of economic prosperity, therefore the south would have done anything to keep slavery alive. However, the north did not believe in slavery because it was unjust and unneeded. Abolitionists fought to destroy slavery, but the south fought to keep it alive.

USS Indianapolis - World War II

USS Indianapolis - Overview: Nation: United States Type: Portland-class heavy cruiser Shipyard: New York Shipbuilding Co. Laid Down: March 31, 1930 Launched: November 7, 1931 Commissioned: November 15, 1932 Fate: Sunk July 30, 1945 by I-58 Specifications: Displacement: 33,410 tons Length: 639 ft., 5 in. Beam: 90 ft. 6 in. Draft:: 30 ft. 6 in. Propulsion: 8 White-Foster boilers, single reduction geared turbines Speed: 32.7 knots Complement: 1,269 (wartime) Armament: Guns 8 x 8-inch (3 turrets with 3 guns each)8 x 5-inch guns Aircraft 2 x OS2U Kingfishers USS Indianapolis - Construction: Laid down on March 31, 1930, USS Indianapolis (CA-35) was the second of two Portland-class built by the US Navy. An improved version of the earlier Northampton-class, the Portlands were slightly heavier and mounted a larger number of 5-inch guns. Built at the New York Shipbuilding Company in Camden, NJ, Indianapolis was launched on November 7, 1931. Commissioned at the Philadelphia Navy Yard the following November, Indianapolis departed for its shakedown cruise in the Atlantic and Caribbean. Returning in February 1932, the cruiser underwent a minor refit before sailing to Maine. USS Indianapolis - Prewar Operations: Embarking President Franklin Roosevelt at Campobello Island, Indianapolis steamed to Annapolis, MD where the ship entertained members of the cabinet. That September Secretary of the Navy Claude A. Swanson came aboard and used the cruiser for an inspection tour of installations in the Pacific. After participating in a number of fleet problems and training exercises, Indianapolis again embarked the President for a Good Neighbor Tour of South America in November 1936. Arriving home, the cruiser was dispatched to the West Coast for service with the US Pacific Fleet. USS Indianapolis - World War II: On December 7, 1941, as the Japanese were attacking Pearl Harbor, Indianapolis was conducting fire training off Johnston Island. Racing back to Hawaii, the cruiser immediately joined Task Force 11 to search for the enemy. In early 1942, Indianapolis sailed with the carrier USS Lexington and conducted raids in Southwest Pacific against Japanese bases on New Guinea. Ordered to Mare Island, CA for an overhaul, the cruiser returned to action that summer and joined US forces operating in the Aleutians. On August 7, 1942, Indianapolis joined in the bombardment of Japanese positions on Kiska. Remaining in northern waters, the cruiser sank the Japanese cargo ship Akagane Maru on February 19, 1943. That May, Indianapolis supported US troops as they recaptured Attu. It fulfilled a similar mission in August during the landings on Kiska. Following another refit at Mare Island, Indianapolis arrived at Pearl Harbor and was made flagship of Vice Admiral Raymond Spruances 5th Fleet. In this role, it sailed as part of Operation Galvanic on November 10, 1943. Nine days later, it provided fire support as US Marines prepared to land on Tarawa. Following the US advance across the central Pacific, Indianapolis saw action off Kwajalein and supported US air strikes across the western Carolines. In June 1944, the 5th Fleet provided support for the invasion of the Marianas. On June 13, the cruiser opened fire on Saipan before being dispatched to attack Iwo Jima and Chichi Jima. Returning, the cruiser took part in the Battle of the Philippine Sea on June 19, before resuming operations around Saipan. As the battle in the Marianas wound down, Indianapolis was sent to aid in the invasion of Peleliu that September. After brief refit at Mare Island, the cruiser joined Vice Admiral Marc A. Mitschers fast carrier task force on February 14, 1945, shortly before it attacked Tokyo. Steaming south, they aided in the landings on Iwo Jima while continuing to attack the Japanese home islands. On March 24, 1945, Indianapolis took part in the preinvasion bombardment of Okinawa. A week later, the cruiser was hit by kamikaze while off the island. Hitting Indianapolis stern, the kamikazes bomb penetrated through the ship and exploded in the water underneath. After making temporary repairs, the cruiser limped home to Mare Island. Entering the yard, the cruiser underwent extensive repair to the damage. Emerging in July 1945, the ship was tasked with the secret mission of carrying the parts for the atomic bomb to Tinian in the Marianas. Departing on July 16, and steaming at high speed, Indianapolis made record time covering 5,000 miles in ten days. Unloading the components, the ship received orders to proceed to Leyte in the Philippine and then on to Okinawa. Leaving Guam on July 28, and sailing unescorted on a direct course, Indianapolis crossed paths with the Japanese submarine I-58 two days later. Opening fire around 12:15 AM on July 30, I-58 hit Indianapolis with two torpedoes on its starboard side. Critically damaged, the cruiser sank in twelve minutes forcing around 880 survivors into the water. Due to the rapidity of the ships sinking, few life rafts were able to be launched and most of the men had only lifejackets. As the ship was operating on a secret mission, no notification had been sent to Leyte alerting them that Indianapolis was en route. As a result, it was not reported as overdue. Though three SOS messages were sent before the ship sank, they were not acted on for various reasons. For the next four days, Indianapolis surviving crew endured dehydration, starvation, exposure, and terrifying shark attacks. Around 10:25 AM on August 2, the survivors were spotted by a US aircraft conducting a routine patrol. Dropping a radio and life raft, the aircraft reported its position and all possible units were dispatched to the scene. Of the approximately 880 men who went into the water, only 321 were rescued with four of those later dying from their wounds. Among the survivors was Indianapolis commanding officer, Captain Charles Butler McVay III. After the rescue, McVay was court-martialed and convicted for failing to follow an evasive, zig-zag course. Due to evidence that the Navy had put the ship in danger and the testimony of Commander Mochitsura Hashimoto, I-58s captain, which stated that an evasive course would not have mattered, Fleet Admiral Chester Nimitz remitted McVays conviction and restored him to active duty. Despite this, many of the crewmembers families blamed him for the sinking and he later committed suicide in 1968.

Essay on The Invention of the Cell Phone - 1006 Words

In society today it is very rare to find someone who does not own a cell phone. There are ten year old children running around with iPhones. Cell phones have become such an important part of society. They have come along way with the advancements made in technology to allow these phones to do more than you would think possible. We now not only use them to contact people, but use them for social media, to take pictures, surf the web, and get information at the touch of our fingers. It is crazy to think that at one point there were no cell phones. Without the use of chemistry we would not have the cell phones that we use today. Chemistry is defined by the Holt Modern Chemistry textbook as the scientific study of the composition, structure,†¦show more content†¦Before we would have just had to wait until we got home to look up who that famous actor is that we were trying to name earlier. Before the cell phone if you were driving and got lost you would pull into the nearest gas station and ask for directions. Now with our smart phone you can pull up a map from your phone and get step by step directions to where you need to go. Before cell phones the world had a little more intimacy and privacy. People sent thoughtful handwritten letters and now we just shoot people an email. Cell phones have also reduced the amount of privacy we have. Now everything we do goes up online or on social media. As before things were more secretive and low key. With having internet on our phones everyone can figure out anything about anybody. Natural resources do not limit the the production of cell phones. If anything it helps manufacturers produce the cell phones. Most cell phones have large amounts of natural resources. They are used for a variety of parts. Crude oil is combined with natural gas also combined with chemicals to make plastic that is used in cell phones. Other natural resources include lead, zinc, beryllium, tantalum, coltan, gold, copper and other metals that are used to make the circuit board. Without these resources the cell phone would be missing many crucial parts and would not run properly. We have never had a massiveShow MoreRelatedThe Invention Of The Cell Phone Essay1804 Words   |  8 PagesInvention of the cell phone is one of the most significant technological advancements in recent times. The wide use of this type of technology has demonstrated an enormous impact across many aspects of today’s life including socially, physically, and emotionally. While, some of these things have cont ributed to life of humankind in a positive manner; however, others still have had a negative impact on life. In both developed and developing countries, cell phones are the main source of communicationRead MoreLiterature Review : Cell Phone And The Invention Of Cellular Phone1221 Words   |  5 Pages Literature Review Since the 20th century, the development of technologies is unprecedented, and the invention of cellular phone must be the most important. Literally speaking, cellular phone totally changed the way we communicate and live nowadays. However, the biggest promotion between phone and smart phone must be application. With the various kinds of application’s launch, cell phone is no longer just as the communicate tools for people, it plays so many roles in our daily life, and becauseRead MoreTechnology: The Invention of The Cell Phone Essay1431 Words   |  6 Pagesto communicate with family and friends with one simple device, the cell phone. A cellular phone is the most common type of technology used by all groups of people including parents, teenagers, and even young children. 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Miranda National College of Business and Arts Fairview, Quezon City In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirement for English 2 ( 9:30-10:30 MWF ) 2nd Semester 2007-2008 By: ________________________ Linn Dantlhee E. Estopace B.S.Accountancy March 7, 2008 CHAPTER I INTRODUCTION Cell phones in the country have not only broadened communications and introduced new and faster lifestylesRead MoreCell Phones : Good And Bad891 Words   |  4 PagesCell phones could be both good and bad. Some people say that cell phones are dangerous. While, other people would argue that cell phones are a great invention. With every invention comes positives and negatives. 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Essay Final Exam Questions - 740 Words

History 1302 Final Exam Spring 2013 On the day of the final, the students will be told which two prompts they will be required to respond to in blue books that the students have provided to the instructor. Essays should show a great deal of thought and range between â€Å"short answers† and formal essays, leaning closer to the idea of an essay. The student may have one page of handwritten notes on a standard size sheet of paper (8 ½ X 11). Bring this sheet with you to the final. 1) The events at the 1968 Democratic national Convention in Chicago suggested to many that the nation was disintegrating. But, as the authors of the textbook have noted, the tensions that seemed so palpable that summer had been long in developing and had â€Å"revealed deep†¦show more content†¦In what ways did the medium of television news shape U.S. public opinion from 1945 to 2000? In what ways did various groups use the news to advance their causes? Did television news dictate America’s foreign and domestic policy? Ultimately, was the power of the television news a positive or a negative force in American history? 6) Why did the American nation become embroiled in Viet Nam? Was it following the same impulse that led the United States into the forefront in Korea, or was it something different? Did we commit to the engagement with certainty, or was it something that we backed into reluctantly, but had no real choice? 7) Many of the â€Å"Great Society† programs of LBJ are still part of the American fabric today. Discuss four programs from the â€Å"Great Society† that still benefit America today. How â€Å"progressive† were these programs? Were they radical in their nature, or long overdue? 8) FDR had hoped that the wartime alliance between the United States and the Soviet Union would continue in the postwar world. 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Psychology of Body Language Free Essays

Navarro, Joe. (2008, January 1). Fast forces of attraction. We will write a custom essay sample on Psychology of Body Language or any similar topic only for you Order Now Retrieved from http://www. psychologytoday. com/articles/200712/fast-forces-attraction | â€Å"Pitch correlates only loosely with height, but is closely tied to hormone levels—meaning it’s a good indicator of fertility or dominance, as well as health and attractiveness. â€Å"In general, people with attractive voices have attractive faces,† says David Feinberg, a psychologist at McMaster University. † (pg. )| This is interesting because well one the use of the word correlation in this statement made me think of the correlation research method. Did they do actual research? And then I continued to where David Feinberg made his statement, and I believe this is untrue because again each person’s perception is different, I then continued to think of the saying â€Å"you have a face for radio† it just seemed contradictory. | | | â€Å"Accents affect our perceptions, as do speed and pitch. We judge fast talkers to be more educated, and those with varied inflection to be more interesting. Men prefer higher voices in women, and women like deeper voices in men (especially when ovulating or looking for a short-term relationship)†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (pg. 1)| When the word â€Å"perception† came about I immediately thought of the Cognitive Prospective. | †¦Ã¢â‚¬ That’s why our brains have set us up to draw instantaneous inferences from tiny nuances of behavior, what psychologists call â€Å"thin slices† of judgment. We form first impressions of another’s attractiveness in a tenth of a second, generating a symphonic burst of desire in which everything from voice to wit plays a part†¦Ã¢â‚¬  ( pg. ). | This section made me think that they used the Biological Prospective to explain the reasoning and help make it easier to see. | â€Å"People like people whom others find attractive. You might be inclined to think it’s because socializing with (or sleeping with) the It girl enhances your own status in the crowd. † (pg. 2)| Right he re is a great example of the Socio-cultural Prospective. It’s all about where you stand in our society today, and by this statement it is easy to see because it is very true. Its seems most evident in college students, seeing it firsthand. | â€Å"Most of us are drawn to those who hail from our own side of the tracks, and men and women are marrying within their social class much more than ever. † (pg. 2)| Again a perfect example of Sociocultural Prospective. | â€Å"†¦But ask 5,000 people and clear patterns emerge. Some traits have universal sex appeal because they’re markers of good genes, health, and fertility: a fit body, clear skin, a symmetrical face with average-sized and -shaped features, and traits that mark sex hormones†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (pg. )| Now this section exemplifies the Evolutionary Prospective because people, even unknowingly, look for these traits because they want they’re offspring to be the strongest the fittest, which made me think of Darwinism. ‘The strong will survive. † The stronger, healthier, smarter, and most attractive evolve, the stay alive and most importantly pass their genes on. | Summary : this article was quite interesting, it talked about all aspects of attraction and explained from various prospectives of psychology. It talked about physical attributes such as looks, voice, health ect, to the mental part of attraction. | | How to cite Psychology of Body Language, Papers

Math Studies Ia free essay sample

What is the Relationship between Points per Game Scored and the Height of the Players in the NBA? Introduction: The NBA is one of the United States’ favorite sports leagues, with each team averaging 100 million dollars of income each year before expenses. Quite a bit of money is spent gambling, funding, and keep the public entertained with this sport. To keep this system working, and to get a fair share, all the coaches must attempt to keep their team on par with the others if not above their competitors. Knowing this, having any type of advantage could be quite profitable for a team. If there was a known way to give your team an advantage it would be utilized and be quite profitable. Height happens to be a physical characteristic that may play in role in having an advantage. If being taller does in fact give a player an advantage, then why not just hire the tallest players you can in order to get the biggest advantage? I chose this topic help determine whether or not this is a viable strategy for coaches. Although I would like to determine this and wish it to be true, I hypothesize that the points per game scored of the player will not drastically, if at all, depend of their player’s heights due to a multitude of other factors including, but not limited to, skill, practice, position, teams, plays, penalties, and the list goes on! Task: The main purpose of this investigation is to determine whether or not there is a relationship between the height of the players in the NBA and the amount of points they will score on average per game. The type of data that will be collected is the height of the players and their points per game on average for the most recent (complete) season. The points per game are used to determine how well the player performs (on average), and the height to determine the possible physical advantage that players can have over each other. The data was used to break down the average points per game scored for the heights of 64 different players and comparing them to see how it bodes. Plan of Investigation: I am investigating the relationship of points per game scored and height of players in the NBA. I have collected the data on the heights and points per game scored of 64 different players in the NBA from the previous season using the NBA’s official online database. With the collection of data that I have acquired I will use a number of mathematical processes to analyze the data: a calculation of the least squares regression line displayed in a scatter plot to visualize the relationship, and an r-correlation coefficient test to see the relationship’s strength and direction. Lastly, an X^2 test will be performed on the data to prove or disprove my null hypothesis. Following this, I will check my validity of the testing, and come to an ultimate conclusion as to whether or not I can back up my hypothesis or negate it. Discussion/Validity Limitations Throughout the investigation of the relationship between the points per game scored and the height of the players in the NBA, various limitations may have affected the outcome of the results. One limitation of the data collected could be that it reflects a random grouping of players from the mid-Atlantic region teams (Boston Celtics, Brooklyn Nets, Philadelphia 76ers, New York Knicks, and Toronto Raptors). Players from different regions/teams could cause a difference. Another limitation is that I did not include players with an average PPG below 2. These players were not included because they were all point guards whose goal, rather than to score points, is to prevent the other team from scoring. Another limitation is that not all players play the same position. The goals of different positions vary from scoring, defending, passing and many others. There are point guards, shooting guards, small forwards, power forwards, and centers. Not to mention that strategies involving these positions have specific players take shots rather than everyone attempting to. Adding on that, there might be a limitation to the amount of data that was collected. Only having collected 64 pieces it would have been better to collect all players from the NBA to better reflect the full span of players. Lastly, one reason for a lower PPG is the coach’s decisions or being suspended. Benching a player (sitting them out) would cause them less game time for the season and thus reduce their average. Conclusion In spite of the aforementioned limitations, the project was done according to plan and it was found that the chi squared calculation value of 0. 242226345, which is less than the chi squared critical value of 3. 841, thus accepts the null hypothesis that points scored are independent values to their players height. By analyzing this categorical data it helps disprove that if you expect points to be higher with height you will be wrong. Furthermore, the investigation clearly shows that there is almost no correlation between points scored and height by looking at the r-correlation coefficient. The r-correlation coefficient comes out to be -0. 048247472 which is so minimal that it basically states (in layman’s terms) that there is correlation between the PPG and the height at all. This is even visualized with the graph that barely moves from the midline! Using this data we can determine it is essentially impossible to determine someone’s estimated PPG just by having their height. Bibliography MLA Formatted Citations * NBA. com, Official Site of the National Basketball Association. Â  Players. N. p. , n. d. Web. 5 Nov. 2012. lt;http://www. nba. com/players/gt;. * Players. Â  Players in the NBA. N. p. , n. d. Web. 25 Nov. 2012. lt;http://espn. go. com/nba/playersgt;. * Boston Celctics Roster 2012Â  Players in the NBA. N. p. , n. d. Web. 25 Nov. 2012. lt;http://espn. go. com/nba/team/roster/_/name/bos/boston-celticsgt;. * Brooklyn Nets Roster 2012Â  Players in the NBA. N. p. , n. d. Web. 25 Nov. 2012. lt;http://espn. go. com/nba/team/roster/_/name/bkn/brookly n-netsgt;. * Toronto Raptors Roster 2012Â  Players in the NBA. N. p. , n. d. Web. 25 Nov. 2012. lt;http://espn. go. com/nba/team/roster/_/name/bkn/tornto-raptorsgt;. * New York Knicks Roster 2012Â  Players in the NBA. N. p. , n. d. Web. 25 Nov. 2012. lt;http://espn. go. com/nba/team/roster/_/name/bkn/new-york-knicksgt;. * Philadelphia 76’ers Roster 2012Â  Players in the NBA. N. p. , n. d. Web. 25 Nov. 2012. lt;http://espn. go. com/nba/team/roster/_/name/bkn/philly-76ersgt;. * Players. Â  NBA. N. p. , n. d. Web. 25 Nov. 2012. lt;http://sports. yahoo. com/nba/playersgt;.